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"The world we have created today as a result of our thinking thus far has problems which cannot be solved by thinking the way we thought when we created them."
— Albert Einstein, The Price of Excellence.
I realize that the thoughtful reader may be staggered by such a partial list. I am in full sympathy with him in this. I also was staggered.
- The formulation of General Semantics, resulting from a General Theory of Time-binding, supplies the scientists and the laymen with a general modern method of orientation, which eliminates the older psychological blockages and reveals the mechanisms of adjustment;
- The departure from aristotelianism will allow biologists, physiologists, etc., and particularly medical men to 'think' in modern colloidal and quantum terms, instead of the inadequate, antiquated chemical and physiological terms. Medicine may then become a science in the 1933 sense;
- In psychiatry it indicates on colloidal grounds the solution of the 'body-mind' problem;
- It shows clearly that desirable human characteristics have a definite psychophysiological mechanism which, up till now, has been misused, to the detriment of all of us;
- It gives the first definition of 'consciousness' in simpler physico-chemical terms;
- A general theory of sanity leads to a general theory of psychotherapy, including all such existing medical schools, as they all deal with disturbances of the semantic reactions (psycho-logical responses to words and other stimuli in connection with their meanings);
- It formulates a physiological foundation for 'mental hygiene' which turns out to be a most general preventive psychophysiological experimental method;
- It shows the psychophysiological foundation of the childhood of humanity as indicated by the infantilism in our present private, public, and international lives;
- In biology it gives a semantic and structural solution of the 'organism-as-a-whole' problem;
- In physiology and neurology it reformulates to human levels the Pavlov theory of conditional reflexes, suggesting a new scientific field of psychophysiology for experiments;
- In epistemology and semantics it establishes a definite non-elementalistic theory of meanings based not only on definitions but also on undefined terms;
- It introduces a new development and use of 'structure';
- It establishes structure as the only possible content of knowledge;
- It discovers the multiordinality of the most important terms we have, thus removing the psycho-logical blockage of semantic origin and helping the average man or scientist to become a 'genius', etc.;
- It formulates a new and physiological theory of mathematical types of extreme simplicity and very wide application;
- It offers a non-aristotelian solution of the problem of mathematical 'infinity';
- It offers a new non-aristotelian, semantic (from Greek, to signify) definition of mathematics and number, which clarifies the mysteries about the seemingly uncanny importance of number and measurement and throws a new light on the role, structural significance, meaning, and methods of mathematics and its teaching;
- In physics, the enquiry explains some fundamental, but as yet disregarded, semantic aspects of physics in general, and of Einstein's and the new quantum theories in particular;
- It resolves simply the problem of 'indeterminism', of the newer quantum mechanics, etc.
— Alfred Korzybski, Science and Sanity, p. 8-9, Int'l Non-Aristotelian Publishing Co. (1933).
The premises of general semantics can be expressed as follows:
The second premise tackles the allness in Aristotelian type formulations.
This allness is found in the formulations of Aristotelian premises and
particularly in sentences with "either/or" structure, leaving no choice for other
possibilities.
This type of danger is less easy to perceive. A statement such as "a door must
be open or closed" does not give much trouble. On the other hand, "You are for us
or against us" shows that this problem is not so simple.
The third premise establishes multiordinality,
the possibility to use words to speak about words, in our languages.
This capacity is found in our most important words: 'yes', 'no',
'true', 'false', 'fact', 'reality', 'cause', 'effect', 'agreement',
'disagreement', 'proposition', 'number', 'relation', 'order', 'structure',
'abstraction', 'characteristic', 'love', 'hate', 'doubt', etc.
If such words can be used in a statement, they can also be used in a statement
about the preceding statement, and so on. At each step of this process, the
meaning of this word can change: 'to love to make suffer' (or 'to love suffering') is not
what we usually understand by 'to love'. We thus see that the level at
which we consider words will have an enormous influence on the evaluation that we
shall make of a sentence.
Incidentally, this realization enables us to eliminate from many paradoxes based
on confusion of orders of abstractions.