BACHELARD, Gaston (1884-1962)
French scientist, philosopher, literary theorist.
BERTALANFFY, Ludwig Von
General System Theory.
BATESON, Gregory (1904-1980)
American epistemologist of English origin.
Founder of the famous "Palo-Alto School" in psychology, he invented the
fundamental formulation of "double-bind" and demonstrated its
importance in the genesis of schizophrenia.
He also founded an "Ecosystemic Epistemology", in his books
"Steps into an Ecology of Mind" and "Mind and Nature".
Trained as an anthropologist, he studied ethology, cybernetics, etc., as an
autodidact.
CAPRA, Fritjof
General System Theory.
Exact Sciences
BOHM, David
American physicist.
CHARON, Jean
French physicist.
VAN ALLEN, James Alfred (1914-)
American physicist. A Geiger counter installed
in the first U.S. satellite, Explorer 1, launched on January 31,
1958, gave the first evidence that the earth is surrounded by
regions containing charged particles of high energy. These regions
were then called the Van Allen radiation belts, after James A.
Van Allen of the University of Iowa, who was head of the team
of scientists that conducted the experiments.
ZADEH, Lotfi A. (1921-)
American mathematician. Pioneer of "Fuzzy Logic".
Medical & Biological Sciences
BURRIDGE, William
American biologist.
HOOTEN, Earnest A.
American biologist.
HERRICK, Judson C.
American biologist.
LABORIT, Henri (1914-1995)
French biologist.
LILLIE, Ralph
American biologist.
MEYERS, Russell
American neurosurgeon.
PEARL, Raymond
American biologist.
PRIBAM, Karl H.
American biologist.
Psychology & Social Sciences
BANDLER, Richard
American psychologist, co-founder of Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP)
with John Grinder.
BATESON, Gregory (1904-1980)
American psychologist.
BLAKE, Robert R.
American psychologist.
BOIS, J. Samuel
American psychologist.
BONTRAGER, O. R.
American psychologist.
CHASE, Stuart (1888-1985)
American economist whose work
concerns the problems of a wealthy, technologically oriented society.
GRINDER, John
American linguist, co-founder of Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP)
with Richard Bandler.
MALINOWSKI, Bronislaw (1884-1942)
English anthropologist; born in
Poland. He was the founder of "functionalism," the theory
that cultures should be studied in terms of their particular internal
dynamics. After studying (1914-18) Trobriand Islanders he did
research in Africa and the Americas. His writings include Argonauts
of the Western Pacific (1922), Crime and Custom in Savage Society
(1926), and Magic, Science and Religion (1948).
MASLOW, Abraham Harold (1908-70)
American psychologist and
leading exponent of humanistic psychology. Judging orthodox behaviorism and
psychoanalysis to be too rigidly theoretical and concerned with illness,
he developed a theory of motivation describing the process by which an individual
progresses from basic needs such as food and sex to the highest needs of what
he called self-actualization — the fulfillment of one's greatest human potential.
Humanistic psychotherapy, usually in the form of group therapy, seeks to help
the individual progress through these stages. Maslow's writings include Toward
a Psychology of Being (1962) and Farther Reaches of Human Nature (1971).
MOUTON, Jane S.
American psychologist.
REED, Muriel
American psychologist.
WATZLAWICK, Paul
American psychotherapist. Professor of psychopathology, in the National
University in El Salvador, then clinic professor in the departement
of psychiatry and behavioural sciences in the University of Stanford,
he teaches as a consultant in many other universities.
He is a research associate, since 1960, at the Mental
Research Institute of Palo-Alto (MRI).
WHYTE, Lancelot Law
American psychologist.